Surgical Procedures for Pilonidal Cyst Removal

“Key points: Surgical alternatives include incision and drainage, cystectomy, and superior lobe strategies. Postoperative care is essential for healing and preventing recurrence.”

Pilonidal cyst is formed by an abnormal sac that is loaded with hair, skin debris along with other particles. When an infection occurs in the cyst, an abscess-containing pus is increased that results in intense pain. This demands pilonidal cyst treatment as untreated conditions may lead to inflammation.

Surgical options for Pilonidal cyst treatments

When pilonidal cysts grow to be complex, surgery may be necessary. Here are the number one surgical strategies:

1. Incision and Drainage  

This is considered as offbeat treatment for pilonidal cyst. A quick and convenient solution, an incision is made under local anesthesia to drain the pus, which provides a patient immediate comfort! The wound is packed with a gauze piece and left uncovered to heal from inside out. This may take up to a period of 4 weeks to soak. 

2. Pilonidal cystectomy 

A more radical surgical removal attempt can be done for recurrent cysts. A day surgery where the entire cyst and the surrounding tissue is excised under general or regional anesthesia. Depending on the approach of the surgeon, they may choose to leave the wound open to heal by secondary intent, or take it as a fully healed closure with sutures.

3. Flap techniques

In cases of persistent or complicated pilonidal disease, surgeons may also use flap strategies. These techniques include reshaping the affected area to flatten the natal cleft, reduce hair accumulation and minimize the risk of recurrence. 

Preparation for surgery

Before performing any surgical procedure, it is important to:

A. Consult with your surgeon

Discuss your medical records, top medications, and any concerns.

B. Adhere to pre-operative instructions

Your surgeon may additionally advise you to avoid certain medications, stop smoking, and avoid eating for a period of time just before your surgical treatment.

C. Arrange transportation

Since this is anesthesia, make sure you have a person to force you to publish at home.

Postoperative care

Recovery and prevention of recurrence is closely dependent on proper postoperative care:

I. Wound care

Keep the surgical area smooth and dry. Follow the steps set out by your surgeon in terms of changing dressings and cleaning wounds.

II. Watch out for infection 

Manifestations of infection such as increased redness, increase in swelling, pus, and fever. In that event, seek immediate medical attention.

III. Hair management

To prevent hair from entering the wound, be sure to use the surgical website for hair removal methods such as shaving or lasers.

IV. Avoid prolonged sitting

Limit activities that involve prolonged periods of sitting to reduce stress on the recovery area.

Potential risks and complications

As with any surgical treatment, there are risks:

1. Infection

Despite preventive measures, infections can occur. To limit this danger, it is essential to maintain proper wound care.

2. Recurrence

Pilonidal cysts have a great charge of recurrence, even after surgery. Following post-operative care advice can help reduce this possibility.

3. Scarring

Surgical removal of the cyst may also cause scarring. Over time, the scars usually become less severe.

Recurrence prevention

In order to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of a pilonidal cyst:

• Maintain cleanliness: Keep the area clean to prevent infection.

• Optimize weight: Losing excess weight decreases the stress around the coccyx. 

• Prevent sitting for a long period: Walking around is essential for those whose work in scenarios involving extended sitting periods.

Conclusion

Having a pilonidal cyst can significantly affect an individual's lifestyle, but post-treatment pilonidal cyst ensures an improved condition. The surgical options are available and expert care with proper adherence to post-operative care after the surgery aids the healing and reduces recurrence.